Thus, the earliest diagnosis of lung cancer is crucial, especially in screening high-risk populations (e.g., smokers, exposure to fumes, oil fields, toxic occupational places, etc.) with an urgent need to identify novel biomarkers. Detailed pathogenesis, effective early detection, and suitable drugs help in the effective therapy of lung cancer. People die from lung cancer because it is often not diagnosed until the cancer is at an advanced stage. Globally, the cancer burden is projected to double by 2050, with lung cancer at the top of the list.

For instance, approximately 30,000 Canadians will be diagnosed with lung cancer, with a projection of 21,000 death in 2020. The impact imposed is highlighted by statistics reporting a higher number of Canadians dying of lung cancer than colorectal, pancreatic, and breast cancers combined. According to the 2020 special report on lung cancer, this disease is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in Canada. Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths in North America and other developed countries.

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