This approach is based on the rationale that health is determined by multiple factors outside the direct control of the health sector (e.g. Strengthen governance and policies to make healthy choices accessible and affordable to all, and create sustainable systems that make whole-of-society collaboration real. Whilst calling for bold political interventions to accelerate country action on the SDGs, the Shanghai Declaration provides a framework through which governments can utilize the transformational potential of health promotion. Most recently, the 9th global conference (Shanghai 2016), titled ‘Promoting health in the Sustainable Development Goals: Health for all and all for health’, highlighted the critical links between promoting health and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Since then, the WHO Global Health Promotion Conferences have established and developed the global principles and action areas for health promotion. The basic strategies for health promotion identified in the Ottawa Charter were: advocate (to boost the factors which encourage health), enable (allowing all people to achieve health equity) and mediate (through collaboration across all sectors). It launched a series of actions among international organizations, national governments and local communities to achieve the goal of 'Health For All' by the year 2000 and beyond. The first International Conference on Health Promotion was held in Ottawa in 1986, and was primarily a response to growing expectations for a new public health movement around the world. “Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health.” Health Promotion Glossary, 1998

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